Resources

1. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/NSRW_Ben_Jonson.jpg
2. http://www.fromthevaultradio.org/home/wp-content/images/FTV100_William%20Shakespeare/shakespearePA_449x600.jpg
3. http://www.gfalls.wednet.edu/staff/dlawrenc/The%20Renaissance/FromSt.JamesPark.jpg
4. http://www.lib.umich.edu/tcp/eebo/images/Faerie_Queene.jpg
5. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/images/elizabeth-1-queen.jpg
6. http://www.nationalgalleries.org/media_collection/6/PG%20561.jpg
7. http://z.about.com/d/historymedren/1/0/c/F/2/01henry7.jpg
   

The Monarchy and the Church & The Elizabethan Era

The Monarchy and The Church

1. As kings and queens gained power they began to censor writers and their works.
   

• Some writers who died for their writing were Sir Thomas More and Sir Walter Raleigh.

2. In 1485 Henry Tudor became king as Henry VII.

• He formed an alliance with Spain by arranging for his son Arthur to marry

Catherine of Aragon.

• When he died his son Henry VIII took the throne.

4. During Henry VIII's time as king the people were unhappy with the church.

• The church was very fraudulent and adulterous.



• Because of this German Monk argued against this and started the Protestant church and reform.

5. Henry VIII was a loser and couldn't produce a male heir and wanted an annulment from his wife, who only birthed daughters.

• The Catholic church did not let him and he broke from Rome and created the Church of England.



• Then he divorced Catherine and married Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth's court attendant, and movie star.



• Henry had six wives and only produced one male son, Edward, who was very sick and died at the age of twelve.



• During Edward's short reign the Puritans were formed.



• After he died Catherine's daughter "Bloody" Mary took the throne, she killed alot of Protestants.



• After she died, in 1558 Elizabeth I took the throne.

The Elizabethan Era

1. One of the best monarchs in English history was Queen Elizabeth I.

• Her time was one of prosperity and international prestige.


• She also did not promote war and ended the unpopular Spanish alliance.


• She reestablished the Church Of England and made it a middleground for Protestants and Catholics.


• But Catholics wanted Mary Stuart, Elizabeth's cousin, to be queen.


• So Elizabeth had her beheaded.


• Elizabeth also defeated the Spanish Armada in 1587.

The Rise of The Stuarts & The Defeat of Monarchy

The Rise of The Stuarts


1. When Elizabeth I died in 1603 her cousin James VI of Scotland, crowned James I, was made king.

• Both Catholics and Protestants disliked him.
• Guy Fawkes tried to destroy James I and parliament with bombs in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

2. When he died his son Charles I took the throne, he was also severly disliked.

• He dismissed Parliament and supressed many of the English citizens.
• He eventually caused the English civil war.

The Defeat of the Monarchy

1. The English Civil War was between the Royalists (Catholics, Anglicans, and nobility) and the supporters of Parliament (Puritans, smaller landowners, and the middle class).

• General Oliver Cromwell helped the supporters of Parliament win in 1645.
• Then Parliament established a commonwealth, it failed miserably.
• Then they invited Charles I's son, Charles II to be the new king.
• He created the Restoration.

The Renaissance

The Renaissance

1. The Renaissance was a rebirth in writing,
science, education, and art.

• It was started in Italy in 1300's but came to England in 1485.
• People also started to take more interest in life on Earth.
• The Renaissace was the time of Shakespeare, Galileo, and Columbus.
• There were many new inventions like the printing press.
• The Bible was translated into English. :D

Pastoral Poems and Sonnets

Pastoral Poems and Sonnets

1. There were crazy awesome writers during the Renaissance.

• Elizabeth I was a poet herself and rewarded poets for their eloquent rhymes.
• She also surrounded herself with lyricists.
• Among her Proteges were Sir Philip Sydney and Sir Walter Raleigh.
• The latter encouraged his homie Edmund Spencer to write the epic The Faerie Queen (1950) in honor of the queen, Elizabeth I.
• Christopher Marlowe wrote pastoral poems about shepherds and rustic life.

2. The Elizabethan poets were very spiritual about nature.

• They created ingenious metaphors, wicked sweet allegories, and analogies, all in the form of Sonnets.
• The Sonnet was the most popular form of love poems.
• Some Sonneters were Sir Thomas Wyatt, Henry Howard, Edward Spencer, William Shakespeare, and Amelia Lanier.

Shakespearean Drama & The Rise of Humanism

Shakespearean Drama

1. Elizabethan drama came from three sources:

• medieval plays, 16th century interludes, and Greek and Latin classics

2. Plays focused mainly on human complexities rather
than religious themes
3. The Globe: most successful English theater
4. Shakespeare contributed 37 plays to the theater
including tragedies, comedies, and
histories

• ex: Macbeth [tragedy]
  
• Othello [tragedy]
  
• A Midsummer Night's Dream [comedy]

5. Christopher Marlowe: wrote tragedies

• 1st playwright to explore potential of English language as dramatic medium

6. Ben Jonson: wrote comedies

• writing included satire and cynical commentary

7. After 1649: Puritans closed theater




The Rise of Humanism

1. Humanists studied humanities

• art, history, philosophy, & literature

2. Humanists criticized society
3. Sir Thomas Moore: believed humans could run the world best
4. 1516: Sir Thomas Moore published Utopia

• perfect society on imaginary island

5. Humanists were concerned with classical learning
6. Reverence for classics combined with a pride in English language led to distinguished
translations

• ex: Earl of Surrey's "Aeneid" translation
• George Chapman's "Iliad & Odyssey" translation
  

7. Humanists disagreed on religious issues.

Spiritual Writing & The Metaphysical & Cavalier Poets

Spiritual Writing

1. Early efforts for Bible translation were censored by the church.

• John Wycliffe: attacked by British archbishop for translation
• William Tyndale: condemned as heretic and burned at the stake

2. 1604: James I commissioned 54 biblical scholars to create a new authorized version

• based on Greek, Hebrew, and early Latin translations

3. John Miltion's "The Paradise Lost" is based on a biblical story of the first humans 4. John Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" is an allegory of the journey to the afterlife




The Metaphysical and Cavalier Poets


1. Ben Jonson: boisterous man, accomplished poet, and
an inspiration to other poets

• "sons of Ben"
• Robert Herrick
• Richard Lovelace
• Sir John Suckling

2. These poets were known as "Cavalier Poets" because
they took the side of Charles I and the Royalists.

3. Cavalier poetry was charming, witty, and dealt with
themes of love, death, and carpe diem

• carpe diem: living for the moment

4. John Donne: wrote Metaphysical poetry

• poems characterized by live, death, and religious devotion

5. Metaphysical poets used elaborate metaphors to explore the complexities of life